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The Water and Sanitation Extension Program ((WASEP) ) is an initiative by the Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan to provide clean drinking water and hygienic sanitation facilities to prevent the high incidence of waterborne diseases in disadvantaged communities of Pakistan. WASEP was launched in 1997 and has to date provided potable water and installed over 9200 latrines in 225 villages, benefiting over 165,000 people in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and the province of Sindh. An independent evaluation estimated the attributable reduction in diarrhea incidence at approximately 25%, and a report based on this evaluation was selected as lead scientific article for an issue of the peer-reviewed Bulletin of the World Health Organization.〔Nanan D, White F, Azam I, Afsar H, Hozabri S. Evaluation of a water, sanitation and hygiene education intervention on diarrhoea in Northern Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2003; 81 (3): 160-5. http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/81/3/Nanan0303.pdf 〕 Although this estimate (25%) is lower than the 50-60% reduction in project villages projected by WASEP on the basis of pre-post intervention comparisons using program monitoring data, it is based on a rigorously designed case-control study that adjusted for confounding variables using advanced statistical methods; the attributable reduction compares favorably with other initiatives of this type when subjected to this level of rigor. The study has been cited in scientific reviews and in a public health textbook which states that "safe local water supply systems, properly managed and regularly tested by trained individuals, is a major development thrust in many parts of the world; interventions to improve hygiene education and practices show promise". ==Program overview== In Pakistan, like many countries of the developing world, inadequate quality and coverage of water and sanitation infrastructure is a major issue and is duly reflected in its poor basic health indicators: • Infant mortality is approximately 80 per 1000 live births • Mortality rate for children under five is 60 per 1000 live births • 45% of infant and child mortality is due to diarrhea • 30% of reported illnesses and 40% of deaths in Pakistan are attributed to waterborne diseases Additionally, a large amount of women labor and household expenditures are needed to meet high domestic water requirements. Women in rural parts of Pakistan are typically responsible to fetch water for their family needs. Spending a large part of their day in this basic chore prevents them from possible opportunities for income generation, education and taking better care of their family. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Water and Sanitation Extension Program」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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